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Digital Audio: Simple Definition
Digital audio is sound that has been converted into numerical data that computers can store and process. When you record audio digitally, the sound waves are sampled thousands of times per second and each sample is stored as a number.
CD-quality audio samples sound 44,100 times per second (44.1kHz) and stores each sample as a 16-bit number. This creates perfectly accurate sound reproduction that can be played back identically on any device.
How Digital Audio Works
An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) measures the amplitude (loudness) of a sound wave at regular intervals and converts each measurement to a digital number. The more samples taken per second (sample rate) and the larger each number (bit depth), the more accurate the representation.
When you play audio, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) reads the numbers and reconstructs the original sound wave, which is then amplified and sent to speakers or headphones.
Examples of Digital Audio
CD quality audio
44,100 samples per second, 16-bit depth. The standard for music distribution since 1982.
Hi-Res audio
96kHz or 192kHz sample rate, 24-bit depth. Used by audiophiles and professional recording studios.
Phone calls
8kHz sample rate, 8-bit or G.711 compression. Minimum quality for understandable speech.
Streaming audio
AAC at 256kbps (Apple Music) or OGG Vorbis at 320kbps (Spotify). Lossy compression of CD-quality source.
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